Lyme disease is a condition brought about by a bite from a tick infected by Borrelia burgdorferi. It is important to note that various forms of the bacteria are present in different parts of the globe. These various types can trigger varying patterns of illness.
Indications of Lyme disease
Lyme disease can trigger symptoms that are categorized into 3 phases.
Stage one
This is the initial phase that develops at any time between 3-36 days after being bitten by a tick.
Rashes
The characteristic symptom of Lyme disease which is specifically called erythema migrans. Nevertheless, this is not always present. It might depend on the bacterial strain.
The rash appears as a single circle, red mark that radiates outwards steadily for a few days. The circle enlarges with the middle part where the tick bit. As it spreads, a paler skin emerges on the interior part of the circle. Therefore, it is called as a “bull’s eye” rash.
The rash is not itchy or painful. The individual might not even notice that it is present on the skin. If not treated, it eventually fades within 3-4 weeks.
Flu-like symptoms
- Generalized aches and pains
- Tiredness
- Fever and chills
- Stiff neck
These symptoms are often mild and settle within a few days even without treatment. In some instances, the infection no longer progresses since it is cleared by the immune system. Nevertheless, some cases that are not treated might progress to the second phase.
Stage two
The second phase or early disseminated disease occurs weeks or months after a tick bite. The disease spreads around the body away from the site. The symptoms tend to vary but can include one or more of the following:
- Joint issues that affect one or several joints, usually the knee joint. The occurrences of joint inflammation last for 3 months.
- Nerve and brain issues such as inflammation that occurs especially around the face. This results to weakness of the facial muscles that leads to facial drooping. In some cases, inflammation of the tissues around the brain can also occur.
- Heart conditions such as myocarditis and other heart issues.
- Rashes – other parts of the body might develop rash that is comparable to erythema migrans that is smaller to the stage one rash.
Stage three
The third stage or late Lyme disease can develop months or years after the infection. This can develop after a period without having any symptoms. A variety of symptoms that can manifest include the following:
- Joint inflammation (arthritis)
- Brain issues such as mood changes, confusion, issues with memory and concentration and vertigo.
- Weakness in the nerves
- Skin changes