The fibula is best described as a small bone located in the lower leg. It is situated on the exterior or lateral edge of the leg and connected to the tibia at the top. The fibula is a slender, non-weight bearing bone that functions as a connection point for the muscles. If an individual sustains a broken fibula, the treatment will rely on various factors including the area of the fibula that was injured and the severity.
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What are types of fractures?
There are two main ways in which a fibula can be fractured. One is through an acute trauma such as vehicular accident or fall and another way is caused by a stress fracture due to repetitive movements such as running. In case the bone pierces out of the skin when the fracture occurs, it is called as a compound fracture and entails immediate emergency care.
It is important to note that fractures can occur anywhere along the bone but the severity of the injury and prognosis for recovery depends on the location of the fracture. The fibula is grouped in three major parts – proximal (close to the knee), middle shaft and distal (close to the foot). If the fracture occurs on the proximal or middle shaft of the fibula, it is considered less severe than a fracture that occurs on the distal part. The distal part of the fibula can be easily identified as the big lump on the exterior edge of the ankle. Always remember that if a fracture occurs on this part of the fibula can result to severe symptoms and higher risk for loss of function.
Signs and symptoms
Both acute and compound fractures on the fibula are linked with abrupt pain, loss of function, swelling, bruising, deformity and a popping sound. Individuals with stress fractures will also suffer tenderness, loss of function and swelling but the pain usually diminishes with rest, thus the individual will not seek treatment. Just like with any type of fracture, the only way to be sure is to undergo an X-ray and to be examined by the doctor.
Treatment for a broken fibula
A middle shaft or proximal fracture that has not pierced the skin or become dislocated can be treated with rest, ice, compression and elevation (RICE method). The individual must rest for several days until the swelling and pain fully subsides. Even though a cast is not needed for minor fractures, it is still best to consult a doctor if a fracture is suspected. Understandably, crutches might be recommended or walking boots to help minimize the pain. A fracture on the distal fibula is considered complex since the ligaments are attached and the stability of the ankle joint are vital to any weight-bearing activity. If severe, displaced or dislocated fractures occur to this area, it would require surgery that involves the insertion of plates and screws. If a fracture on this area is suspected, it is best to consult a doctor right away.