A cramp is best described as an abrupt involuntary contraction of any muscle in the body including those in the feet which can cause extreme pain. It is important to note that a muscle cramp or commonly known as a charley horse develops once the muscles do not relax. These muscles can become tight which feels like there is a knot beneath the skin. Even though it is painful, muscle cramps can occur in healthy individuals but can also be a result of an underlying condition that entails medical care.
Underlying medical condition
Most cases of cramps in the feet can cause a lot of pain but relatively harmless. Nevertheless, in some cases, it can be a result of an underlying medical condition. Poor circulation to the feet can also cause cramping while walking since the muscles do not receive enough blood from the constricted arteries. Take note that these cramps tend to go away with rest. Other medical conditions that can lead to cramps in the feet include hypothyroidism or kidney disease especially when the individual is under dialysis. It is vital to manage the underlying condition in order to completely relieve the cramping.
Exercise and dehydration
Extended periods of exercise especially during hot weather can lead to cramps in the small muscles in the foot. When a muscle is overused, dehydrated or held in one position for a long time, it will eventually lead to cramping. Spontaneous cramping of the foot and toes can occur at night while the individual is sleeping which is called as a nocturnal cramp. A nocturnal cramp causes the foot and toes to curl in a downward manner. Stretching can be performed to provide relief since it helps reduce the occurrence of the cramping in a spontaneous manner. If you want to know the signs of dehydration, click here.
Side effects of certain medications
There are some medications that can generate muscles cramps in the feet as a side effect. Diuretics can lead to cramping as well as statins that are taken for high cholesterol. Other medications that can trigger cramps in the feet include lithium, terbutaline and cimetidine. Even morphine withdrawal can also lead to cramping. It is best to consult a doctor if the individual experiences cramps in the feet as one of the side effects of a particular medication being taken.
Nutritional deficiency
Certain nutritional deficiencies can cause the manifestation of cramps in the feet. An individual who is deficient in potassium can suffer from muscle cramps. Excess or reduced level of salt in the diet can also cause cramping as well as diminished levels of magnesium and calcium. The doctor will recommend the replacement of these depleted minerals to help clear up the cramping.
Pregnancy and hormonal changes
Cramps in the feet are likely to occur during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. This can be due to the hormonal changes or an elevation in the retained water which results to edema in the ankles and feet as well as diminished circulation.
The cramping of the foot during pregnancy typically manifests more at night time. The doctor will recommend getting up and walk in order to relieve the cramps as well as elevating the feet during the day to minimize the swelling.