Deep vein thrombosis is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein in the body. Even though these clots typically arise in the veins of the leg, they also form in other body parts.
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This condition is considered dangerous and treated as a medical emergency. In case the clot breaks free and moves through the bloodstream, it might embed in the lung. The clots in the thigh are likely to trigger pulmonary embolism than those in the calf.
Risk factors
The usual blood or vein conditions that increases the risk for deep vein thrombosis include:
- Blood clotting ailments
- Previous DVT
- Family history of DVT
- Varicose veins
Other conditions that increases the risk include:
- Obesity
- Heart disease
- Dehydration
- Sepsis
- Cancer
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Smoking
- Recent surgery
- Hormone replacement therapy
What are the indications?
In some individuals with deep vein thrombosis in the leg, there are no warning indications at all or the symptoms are only vague. In case any of the following warning indications are present, it is vital to consult a doctor for assessment:
- Thigh or calf pain
- Swollen leg
- Redness and warmth in the leg
Management of deep vein thrombosis
Once a clot is detected, the doctor will make the appropriate recommendation. Depending on the site of the clot, hospitalization might be required.
The treatment generally includes:
- Medications – a blood thinning medication is given to prevent additional formation of clots
- Compression stockings – these work by reducing the swelling and pain
- Surgery – in some cases, surgery might be carried out by a specialist
What are the potential complications?
It is important to note that an early yet serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is pulmonary embolism. This develops if the clot breaks free and moves into the lungs. The indications of pulmonary embolism include:
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath
- Coughing up blood
- Feeling of impending doom
A long-term outcome of deep vein thrombosis is damage to the vein from the clot. The impairment often results to continuous pain, swelling and leg discoloration.
Prevention
Among those who have risk factors, these measures can help lower the chances of developing a blood clot:
- Blood-thinning medications if prescribed.
- Reduce the risk factors that can be controlled such as cutting down excess weight and cessation of smoking
- During periods of immobility such as long trips, it is vital to exercise the legs every 2-3 hours to restore the flow of blood to the heart, keeping the body hydrated by drinking more fluids and wearing compression stockings.
More Information / Disclaimer
The information posted on this page on deep vein thrombosis is for learning purposes only. Learn to recognize and manage this circulatory condition by taking a standard first aid course with Toronto First Aid.