At the start of every allergy season particular spring and fall, some individuals end up with a stuffed nose and sore sinuses due to allergies. The nose is not stuffed due to mucus but congested due to the swollen membranes within the nasal passages. This is the reaction of the body to specific allergens. As long as the individual gains control over his/her allergy, these symptoms can be avoided. If you want to learn more about first aid training available to you that focuses on allergies, click here.
What are the causes of swollen membranes?
Once an individual comes in contact with an allergen such as pollen, pet dander or mold spores, the immune system reacts by producing antibodies. Once these antibodies are released, the immune system releases histamine which causes dilated blood vessels as well as swollen membranes. Take note that some of the symptoms that the individual will experience include stuffed nose, water eyes and sneezing. In some, they develop allergic shiners or the darkening of the skin beneath the eyes. If the individual has asthma, he/she can suffer from an asthma attack.
Allergy components
It is important to note that the body has several immune system components including antibodies such as immunoglobulin E and the mast cells. Once an allergic reaction occurs, the antibodies and IgE attach themselves to the mast cells in the skin and respiratory system. Since the system is highly sensitive, the mast cells release histamine which causes the swollen membranes in the airways and nose. The eyes will also start to tear more than usual and the nose starts to run.
How to deal with the swollen membranes
An effective way to control an allergic reaction and the swollen membranes is to avoid the allergens that the individual is allergic to. A doctor should be consulted who will assess and test for allergies. With the skin prick test, the doctor will determine the specific allergen responsible for triggering a reaction.
Once the individual reacts to a particular substance, the skin responds by becoming itchy and swollen. The allergies can be seasonal or year-round which indicates that the individual is allergic to substances inside the house such as mold, dust or pet dander.
Treatment options
The individual should avoid allergens if possible to avoid swollen membranes. If the allergens cannot be avoided, the exposure should be reduced by closing the windows and using an air-conditioner.
If the individual has to go outside during windy days when the pollen count is high, he/she must change clothes and shower thoroughly. The doctor can also prescribe decongestants to help minimize the swelling in the nose, sinuses and ears. Over-the-counter or prescription antihistamines can help minimize the effects of histamine on the respiratory system. Some of these medications have non-drowsy formulations but if one that causes sleepiness is used, it must be taken at bedtime.