Penicillin is an antibiotic given to manage systemic infections. Unfortunately, many individuals end up with an allergic response to penicillin.
The indications of a penicillin reaction are relatively severe if the medication is administered as an injection rather than orally. A severe allergic reaction or anaphylaxis affects the whole body and can be dangerous.
Rash
A usual indication of an allergic response to penicillin is a rash. This might be an indication of a minor reaction or might be a precursor to a severe reaction such as anaphylaxis.
The rash might arise all over the body or localized in one region such as the injection site where it was administered.
Urticaria or hives is characterized as a reddened, elevated and oftentimes painful rash. This can affect the entire body and linked with a systemic allergic reaction. If any signs of rashes particularly hives is present, a doctor should be consulted due to the risk for anaphylaxis.
Swelling
Swelling or angioedema is a serious sign of penicillin reaction. Anaphylaxis brought about by penicillin can trigger a swollen tongue, mouth, face and throat. The swelling can also cause issues with swallowing and breathing. It is vital to seek prompt medical care.
Serum sickness
During a severe reaction to the antibiotic, it can cause serum sickness. The symptoms that might arise are the same as an autoimmune response. The signs range from pain and swelling in the joints, fever, swollen lymph glands, weakness and pain or swelling all over the body.
Wheezing
If allergic to the antibiotic, bronchospasm and laryngospasm might arise. There is narrowing and spasm of the larynx and airway which leads to respiratory distress. Take note that wheezing is an indication of bronchospasm and laryngospasm.
Circulatory collapse
During anaphylaxis, penicillin can cause systemic capillary vasodilation which includes dilation of the blood vessels in the body.
Once vasodilation occurs, the blood pressure significantly drops to a low level. This decrease in the blood pressure can lead to passing out. If not promptly treated, circulatory failure can be deadly due to cardiac arrest.