Mucositis is a health issue marked by inflammation and pain of the mucous layer in the body. The mucous membrane is the soft tissue layer that lines the digestive tract from the mouth up to the anus.
Main types of mucositis
- Oral – can cause the development of mouth ulcers along with pain or difficulty swallowing
- Gastrointestinal – occurs within the digestive system and often causes diarrhea
In some cases, mucositis can also affect the lining of the anus which is called as proctitis.
Why mucositis develops
It is important to note that mucositis is a typical side effect of chemotherapy. It is also caused by radiotherapy especially in cases where the neck or head is involved.
Individuals who undergo radiotherapy for cancer such as breast cancer will not develop mucositis since the treatment is not focused on the mucous layer. The digestive tract is considered susceptible to the detrimental consequences of chemotherapy or radiotherapy which can damage the delicate lining.
If an individual is under cancer treatment that is likely to cause the condition, he/she is regularly checked for the condition. Always bear in mind that mucositis is usually diagnosed after an assessment or description of the symptoms.
Who are at risk?
Based on statistics, individuals who are under chemotherapy as part of cancer treatment can develop a certain degree of the condition. Depending on the treatment used, it can be severe in some individuals.
Mucositis is quite common in certain forms of cancer such as those that involve the head or neck. A number of individuals under high doses of chemotherapy under stem cell transplant are likely to develop the condition as well.
Treatment for mucositis
The objective of treatment for the oral type involves the prevention of infection and reducing any pain. This is done with the help of pain medications and observing good oral hygiene. There are also treatment measures that help minimize the symptoms of this type.
The treatment for the gastrointestinal type involves the reduction of the main symptoms such as diarrhea and inflammation. It typically includes a combination of self-care measures and medications. The symptoms of mucositis must start to improve a few weeks after radiotherapy or chemotherapy has finished, but it can oftentimes take longer.
Possible complications
The serious cases can lead to various health issues. Many individuals with the condition find it hard to swallow food and require alternative feeding methods such as a feeding tube.
Mouth ulcers can also become infected. The infection can also spread to the blood and other internal organs. This condition is called sepsis and can be life-threatening.
Prevention
It is not always possible to prevent mucositis from developing, but some treatments can be taken during chemotherapy or radiotherapy to minimize the severity of the condition or how long it lasts.